• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method of fabricating a connecting member for connecting pipes to a space frame or frame, where the space frame or frame may be a vehicle chassis, is provided. The method can generate bonds with variable geometry and fine features that can reduce production costs, reduce production time, and generate bonds configured for highly specific applications. The bond may include centering features which may create a gap between a pipe surface and a bond surface through which adhesives may flow.
    公开号:BR112017000041B1
    申请号:R112017000041-5
    申请日:2015-06-30
    公开日:2019-04-16
    发明作者:Kevin R. Czinger；William Bradley Balzer；Praveen Varma Penmetsa；Zachary Meyer Omohundro；Matthew M. O'Brien
    申请人:Divergent Technologies, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CROSS REFERENCE [0001] This application claims priority to United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62 / 020.084, filed on July 2, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference.
    BACKGROUND [0002] The construction of space structures or frames is used in automotive, structural, marine, and many other applications. An example of spatial structure construction may be a welded tube frame chassis construction, often used in low-volume, high-performance vehicle design, due to the advantages of low tooling costs, design flexibility, and the ability to produce high efficiency structures. These structures require chassis tubes to be connected at a wide variety of angles, and may require the same connection point to accommodate a variety of pipe geometries. The traditional manufacturing methods of the connecting members for connecting such a pipe frame chassis, may incur high equipment and manufacturing costs.
    SUMMARY [0003] There is a need for a manufacturing method that may be able to generate connections to connect tubes with a variety of geometric parameters. Provided here is a 3-D printing method of connections for connecting pipes, such as carbon fiber pipes. The connections can be printed according to the specification of geometric and physical requirements at each intersection point of the tube. The 3-D printing method of connections can
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    2/38 reduce production costs, and can be easily scaled. [0004] The 3-D printing method described in this disclosure can allow the printing of fine characteristics on the connections that cannot be achieved by other manufacturing methods. An example of a fine feature described in this disclosure may be centering features for forcing the center of a connection tube and the center of a connection joining protrusion to be coaxial. The centering characteristics can provide a gap between an external surface of the internal region of a connection, and an internal surface of a connection tube, through which adhesive can be applied. Another example could be that fitting parts can be printed on the connection, which can connect to the equipment to introduce adhesive to connect a connection and pipe assembly.
    [0005] Aspects of the invention are directed to a method of fabricating a connecting member for connecting a plurality of connecting pipes that form a spatial structure, the method comprising: determining a relative pipe angle, pipe size, and tube shape, for each of the plurality of connecting tubes to be connected by the connecting member; determine the direction of tension and magnitude to be exerted by the plurality of connecting tubes in the connecting member; and 3-D printing of the connecting member having a configuration that (1) accommodates the relative angle of the pipe, pipe size, and pipe shape, on each connecting member, and (2) supports the direction of stress and magnitude exercised by the plurality of connecting tubes.
    [0006] In some embodiments, the spatial structure is configured to at least partially enclose a three-dimensional volume. Each connecting tube of the plurality of connecting tubes can have a longitudinal axis along a different plane. The spatial structure
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    3/38 can be a vehicle chassis structure.
    [0007] The method may further comprise features of 3-D printing centering on at least a portion of the connecting member. The centering characteristics can be printed on a connection protrusion of the connection member configured to be inserted in a connection tube. The characteristics of the centering characteristics can be determined based on the direction of voltage and magnitude to be exerted by the plurality of connecting tubes in the connecting member. The direction of stress and magnitude to be exerted by the plurality of connecting tubes in the connecting member can be determined empirically or computationally. [0008] A further aspect of the invention can be addressed to a vehicle chassis comprising: a plurality of connecting tubes; and a plurality of connecting members, each connecting member dimensioned and shaped to join with at least a subset of the plurality of connecting tubes in the plurality of connecting tubes to form a three-dimensional frame structure, in which the plurality of connecting members connections are formed by a 3-D printer.
    [0009] In some embodiments, each connecting member of the plurality of connecting members is dimensioned and shaped such that the connecting member contacts an inner surface and an outer surface of a connecting tube when the connecting tube is joined to the connecting member. Link. Optionally, at least one link member of the plurality of link members comprises internal routing characteristics formed during 3-D printing of the link member. The internal routing features can provide a network of passages for transporting fluid through the vehicle chassis when the three-dimensional frame structure is
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/12
    Formed 4/38. The internal routing characteristics can provide a network of passages for transporting electricity through electrical components through the entire vehicle chassis when the three-dimensional frame structure is formed.
    [0010] The plurality of connection members may comprise assembly features formed during 3-D printing of the connection members. The mounting characteristics can provide panel assemblies for mounting panels in the three-dimensional frame structure.
    [0011] A system for forming a structure can be provided according to a further aspect of the invention. The system may comprise: a computer system that receives input data that describes a relative pipe angle, pipe size, and pipe shape for each of a plurality of connecting pipes to be connected by a plurality of connecting members for form a frame of the structure, in which the computer system is programmed to determine a direction of tension and magnitude to be exerted by the plurality of connection tubes in the plurality of connection members: and a 3-D printer in communication with the system computer configured to generate the plurality of connecting members having a size and shape that (1) accommodates the relative angle of the pipe, pipe size, and pipe shape in each connecting member, and (2) supports the tension direction and magnitude exerted by the plurality of connecting tubes.
    [0012] In some cases, the frame of the structure at least partially encloses a three-dimensional volume. The plurality of connecting members can further comprise centralizing characteristics in at least a portion of the connecting member formed by the 3-D printer. Centering characteristics can be printed on
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    5/38 a connection protrusion of the connection member configured to be inserted in a connection tube. The characteristics of the centralization characteristics can be determined based on the voltage direction and magnitude to be exerted by the plurality of connection tubes in each connection member.
    [0013] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, in which only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be understood, the present revelation is capable of other and different embodiments, and its various details are capable of modifications in several obvious aspects, all without escaping the revelation. Consequently, the drawings and description are to be listed as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
    INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE [0014] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. .
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0015] The new features of the invention are placed in particular in the attached claims. A better understanding of the characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that presents illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are used, and the accompanying drawings (also "figure" and "FIG." Here), of the which: [0016] FIG. 1 shows an example of a space structure chassis constructed of carbon fiber tubes connected by nodes
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    6/38 printed in 3-D.
    [0017] FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the process used to design and build connections.
    [0018] FIG. 3 shows a computer communicating with a 3-D printer.
    [0019] FIG. 4 shows a detailed flow chart describing how a design model can be used to generate printed connections for assembling the given design model.
    [0020] FIG. 5 shows an example of a printed link using the method described here.
    [0021] FIG. 6 shows a connection connected to the tubes where the tubes are at unequal angles relative to each other.
    [0022] FIG. 7 shows a connection with 5 projections.
    [0023] FIG. 8 shows a printed connection for connecting with tubes of uneven cross-sectional size.
    [0024] FIG. 9a-d shows examples of centering characteristics printed on the connections.
    [0025] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart describing a method for choosing centering characteristics based on an expected load or voltage on a connection.
    [0026] FIG. 11 shows a cross section of a boss on the link with inserts connecting to the internal passages on the side wall of the boss on the link.
    [0027] FIG. 12a-c shows printed connections with integrated structural features and passages for electrical and fluid routing.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0028] While several embodiments of the invention have been
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    7/38 shown and described here, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions can occur to those skilled in the art without evading invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein, can be employed.
    [0029] This disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a binding member by additive and / or subtractive manufacturing, such as 3-D printing. The connecting member can be configured to provide a connection for a plurality of connecting tubes, which can be used for the construction of a lightweight space structure. A spatial structure can be a frame that has a three-dimensional volume. A spatial structure can be a frame that can accept one or more panels to at least partially wax the frame. An example of a spatial structure can be a vehicle chassis. Various aspects of the disclosed disclosure can be applied to any of the applications identified herein in addition to any other structures comprising a connecting frame / tube construction. It should be understood that different aspects of the invention can be appreciated individually, collectively, or in combination with each other.
    [0030] FIG. 1 shows a vehicle chassis 100, including connecting tubes 101a, 101b, 101c connected by one or more nodes (also known as connections) 102, according to an embodiment of the invention. Each connecting member may comprise a central body and one or more holes extending from the central body. A multi-orifice node, or connecting member, can be provided to connect the tubes, such as carbon fiber tubes, to form a two- or three-dimensional structure. The structure can be a frame. In
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/16
    8/38 For example, a two-dimensional structure can be a planar frame, while a three-dimensional structure can be a spatial structure. A spatial structure can wax a volume in it. In some instances, a three-dimensional spatial structure may be a vehicle chassis. The vehicle chassis can have a length, width, and height that can wax a space in it. The length, width, and height of the vehicle chassis can be greater than a thickness of a connecting pipe.
    [0031] A vehicle chassis can form the structure of a vehicle. A vehicle chassis can provide the structure for placing the body panels of a vehicle, where the body panels can be door panels, roof panels, floor panels, or any other panels that form the vehicle closure. In addition, the chassis can be the structural support for the wheels, drive train, engine block, electrical components, heating and cooling systems, seats, or storage space. A vehicle can be a passenger vehicle capable of carrying at least about 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, ten or more , twenty or more, or thirty or more passengers. Examples of vehicles may include, but are not limited to, sedans, trucks, buses, vans, minivans, vans, RVs, trailers, tractors, go-karts, automobiles, trains, or motorcycles, boats, space vehicles, or airplanes. The vehicle chassis can provide a form factor that corresponds to the form factor of the vehicle type. Depending on the type of vehicle, the vehicle chassis may have different configurations. The vehicle chassis can have varying levels of complexity. In some examples, a three-dimensional spatial structure can be provided, which can provide an external structure for the vehicle. The external structure can be configured to accept panels
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    9/38 body to form a three-dimensional closure. Optionally, internal supports or components can be provided. The internal supports or components can be connected to the spatial structure by connecting to one or more connecting members of the spatial structure. Different layouts of multi-hole nodes and connecting tubes can be provided to accommodate different vehicle chassis configurations. In some cases, a set of nodes may be arranged to form a single, single chassis design. Alternatively, at least a subset of the node set can be used to form a plurality of chassis designs. In some cases, at least a subset of nodes in a node set can be mounted on a first chassis design and then disassembled and reused to form a second chassis design. The first chassis design and the second chassis design can be the same, or they can be different. Nodes may be able to support tubes in a two- or three-dimensional plane. For example, a multi-pointed node can be configured to connect tubes that do not all fall within the same plane. The tubes connected to a multi-point node can be provided in a three-dimensional mode, and can cover three orthogonal axes. In alternate embodiments, some nodes can connect tubes that can share a two-dimensional plane. In some cases, the connecting member can be configured to connect two or more tubes in which each tube in the two or more tubes has a longitudinal axis along a different plane. The different planes can be intersecting planes.
    [0032] The connection tubes 101a, 101b, 101c of the vehicle can be formed of a carbon fiber material, or any other composite material available. Examples of composite materials may include high modulus carbon fiber composite, fiber composite
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    10/38 high strength carbon, flat wave carbon fiber compound, hard satin weft carbon compound, low modulus carbon fiber compound, or low strength carbon fiber compound. In alternate embodiments, the tubes can be formed from other materials, such as plastics, polymers, metals, or metal alloys. The connecting tubes can be formed of rigid materials. The connecting tubes can have different dimensions. For example, different connection tubes can be of different lengths. For example, connecting tubes can be of lengths on the order of about 1 inch, 3 inches, 6 inches, 9 inches, 1 foot, 2 feet, 3 feet, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, 8 feet , 9 feet, 10 feet, 11 feet, 12 feet, 13 feet, 14 feet, 15 feet, 20 feet, 25 feet, or 30 feet. In some instances, the tubes may have the same diameter, or varying diameters. In some examples, the tubes may have diameters in the order of about 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, or 20.
    [0033] The connection tubes can have any form of cross section. For example, connecting tubes can be substantially circular, square, oval, hexagonal, or any irregular shape. The cross section of the connecting tube can be an open cross section, such as a “C” channel, “I” beam, or angle.
    [0034] Connecting tubes 101a, 101b, 101c can be hollow tubes. A hollow portion can be provided along the entire length of the tube. For example, connecting tubes can have an inner surface and an outer surface. An inner diameter for the tube can correspond to an inner surface of the connecting tube. An outside diameter of the pipe can correspond to an outside diameter of the pipe. In some embodiments, the difference between the inside diameter and the outside diameter can be less than or equal to about 1/32, 1/16,
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    11/38
    1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. A connection pipe can have two ends. The two ends can be opposite each other. In alternative embodiments, the connecting tubes can have three, four, five, six or more ends. The chassis structure of the vehicle may comprise carbon fiber tubes connected with nodes 102.
    [0035] The multi-hole node 102 (also known as connections, connection member, connections, connectors, protrusions) shown in this description may be suitable for use in a vehicle chassis structure, such as the frame shown in FIG.1 . The nodes in the chassis frame 100 can be designed to seat the tibo angles represented by the chassis design. Nodes can be preformed to desired geometries to allow fast and low-cost assembly of the chassis. In some embodiments, the nodes can be preformed using 3-D printing techniques. 3-D printing can allow nodes to be formed in a wide range of geometries that can accommodate different frame configurations. 3-D printing can allow nodes to be formed based on a computer-generated drawing file that comprises node dimensions.
    [0036] A node can be composed of a metallic material (for example, aluminum, titanium, or stainless steel, brass, copper, chromomolybdenum steel, or iron), a composite material (for example, carbon fiber), a polymeric material (e.g., plastic), or some combination of these materials. The node may be formed of a powder material. The 3-D printer can melt and / or sinter at least a portion of the powdered material to form the node. The node can be formed from a substantially rigid material.
    [0037] The node can withstand voltage applied at or near the
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    12/38 node. The node can withstand compression, tension, torsion, shear stresses, or some combination of these types of stresses. The magnitude of the stress supported at the node can be at least 1 Mega Pascal (MPa), 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 20 MPa, 30 MPa, 40 MPa, 50 MPa, 60 MPa, 70 MPa, 80 MPa, 90 MPa, 100 MPa , 250 MPa, 500 MPa, or 1 GPa. The type, direction, and magnitude of the stress can be aesthetic and dependent on the location of the node in a frame. Alternatively, the type of voltage, direction, and magnitude can be dynamic, and a function of the vehicle's motion, for example, the voltage at the node may change as the vehicle ascends and descends a mountain.
    [0038] FIG. 2 shows a flow chart describing a method for 3-D printing of connecting members for connecting tubes, such as carbon fiber tubes, in a spatial structure. In this method, a chassis design model is chosen 201. The chassis design model can be a new design, or a design stored in a library that can comprise previously used designs, or designs from common stock. The chassis design can be generated by a user who forms the links with the 3-D printing process, or by a user who is different from the user who forms the links. The chassis design can be editable. The chassis design can be made available through an online marketplace. From the chosen chassis design, the pipe specifications (for example, inside and outside diameter, pipe cross section, and pipe angles relative to each other at the connection points), 202 are determined. Then, the dynamic stresses and static values at each pipe connection point are determined 203. The dynamic and static stresses at each pipe connection point can be determined using a computational model, for example, a finite element analysis. Using physical and structural properties
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    13/38 determined in steps 202 and 203, the link (node) is designated 204. Finally, in the last step, the links are generated using a 3-D printer according to the specification determined by the previous steps 205. Two or more connections can be formed simultaneously. Alternatively, bonds can be formed one at a time.
    [0039] A chassis design model can be generated in any available structural design software program, for example, AutoCAD, Autodesk, Solid Works, or Solid Edge. The chassis design model can be generated in a simple standardized design tool, provided to the spatial structure design requests. This customized tool can interface with existing structural design software to automatically generate complete node geometries from a minimum set of input data (for example, relative angles of tubes entering a given node). After generating a chassis model, each pipe connection point can be defined. The pipe connection points can be locations where a connection is used to connect two or more pipes. The characteristics of the pipe connection points can be determined by the model, and used to define the connection structure required for the design, for example, the number of pipes, pipe dimensions, and relative pipe angles, can be determined. The number of tubes in each connection can be determined from the chassis model, for example, a connection can connect 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 tubes. The diameter and cross-sectional shape of each connection pipe at a connection location can be determined from the model. For example, a connection can connect a square tube, round tube, oval tube, triangular tube, pentagonal tube, hexagonal tube, or an irregularly shaped tube. The tubes connected to the
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    14/38 connection may all retain the same cross section shape, or they may vary. The diameter of the connection pipe can be determined from the model, a connection pipe can have a diameter of at least about 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 10, 15, or 20. The tubes connected to the connection can all have the same diameter, or the diameter can vary. The relative pipe angles at each connection can also be determined from the chassis model.
    [0040] Optionally, a user can designate a portion of the chassis design, or provide specifications for the design to be met. Software run by one or more processors can designate the rest of the chassis, or provide details of the chassis according to specification. The processor can generate at least a portion of the design without requiring any additional human intervention. Any of the features described here can be initially designated by the software, a user, or both software and the user.
    [0041] The locations of additional structural, mechanical, electrical, and fluid components can also be determined from structural design software. For example, the location of shear panels, structural panels, shock systems, engine blocks, electrical circuits, and fluid passages, can be determined by structural design software. The chassis model can be used to define the design of the connection, such that the connections can integrate with the locations of the structural, mechanical, electrical, and fluid components.
    [0042] The chassis model can be used to calculate the direction of voltage and magnitude at each connection. The voltage can be calculated
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    15/38 using a finite element analysis employing a linear or nonlinear stress model. The stress can be calculated at the connections, while the chassis is stationary, or while the chassis is moving along a typical path, for example, along a straight line, curved path, along a smooth surface, along a rugged surface, flat terrain, or mountainous terrain. The stress calculated at the connection can be shear stress, stress stress, compressive stress, torsional stress, or a combination of stress types. The connections may include design features to withstand the calculated stresses. The design features included in the connection can be configured to comply with a specific safety standard. For example, the connection can be configured to withstand the calculated voltage within a safety factor of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 Connections can be designed to support tubes on a frame that can vibrate or withstand shock or impact. For example, a vehicle chassis can be driven on a highway, and can experience long-term vibrations. The connections may be able to withstand the forces and stresses exerted on the connection caused by vibrations for a long period of time. In another example, a vehicle may experience an impact if the vehicle were to collide with another object. Connections can be designed to withstand the impact. In some instances, connections can be designed to withstand the impact to a certain predetermined degree. Optionally, they may be desirable for the bonds to deform or change their configuration beyond the predetermined degree, and absorb shock. Links can be designed to meet various specifications and frame criteria. In some cases, the connections can be designed to form a chassis that meets state or
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    16/38 national security for consumer vehicles and / or commercial vehicles.
    [0043] The final design of the connection can be determined by the dimensions and shape requirements of the pipe, location of integrated structural, mechanical, electrical, and fluid components, and the type and magnitude of the calculated voltage type, along with any specifications of performance. FIG. 3 shows a diagram of how a computational model of a link that meets the necessary specifications can be developed in a software program on a 301 device. The device can comprise a processor and / or a memory. The memory may comprise a non-transient computer-readable medium comprising code, logic, or instructions for carrying out one or more steps, such as design steps or computations. The processor can be configured to perform the steps according to the non-transitory computer-readable medium. The device can be a desktop computer, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet, laptop, server, or any other type of computing device. The device can be in communication with a 3-D 302 printer. The 3-D 302 printer can print the connection according to the drawing developed in the software program. The 3-D printer can be configured to generate an object through additive and / or subtractive manufacturing. The 3-D printer can be configured to form a metal composite object, or polymer object. The 3-D printer can be a direct metal laser sintering printer (DMLS), electron beam fusion printer (EBM), fused deposition modeling printer (FDM), or a Polyjet printer. The 3-D printer can print bonds produced from titanium, aluminum, stainless steel, structural plastics, or any other structural material.
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    17/38 [0044] 3-D printing can comprise a process of producing a three-dimensional structure based on a computational or electronic model as an input. The 3-D printer can employ any known printing technique, including extrusion deposition, granular bonding, lamination, or stereolithography. The general 3-D printing technique may involve breaking the design of the three-dimensional object into a series of digital layers that the printer will then form layer by layer until the object is completed. The links can be printed in a layer-by-layer mode, and can accommodate a wide range of geometric designs and detailed features, which can include internal and external features.
    [0045] The connections printed in 3-D can be assembled with the tubes to form a frame structure. The design can be flexible to accommodate the latest design changes. For example, if a support tube is added to the last design in the design process, additional connections can be printed quickly, and at low cost, to accommodate the additional support tube. The method of using a computer model in communication with a 3-D printer to generate connections can allow a wide range of geometries to be produced quickly at low cost.
    [0046] FIG. 4 shows a detailed flow chart of the method previously described. The steps described are provided by way of example only. Some steps can be omitted, completed in order, or supplemented with other steps. Any of the steps can be performed automatically with the aid of one or more processors. One or more steps may or may not be performed with input from the intervention user. The process starts with step 401, which involves choosing a frame design, such as a
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    18/38 chassis design, the design can be chosen from a library of stored designs, or it can be a new design developed for a specific project.
    [0047] After the design is chosen, the next steps are 402a, 402b, 402c, and / or 402d, which may include calculating structural requirements, or specifications for the frame connections. Steps 402a-d can be completed in any order, all steps 402a-d can be completed, or only some of the steps can occur. Step 402a involves calculating the structural load at each connection. The structural load can be determined by a finite element method, and can include the direction and magnitude of shear stresses, compressive stresses, stress stresses, torsional stresses, or any combination of stresses. Stresses can be calculated by assuming that the vehicle is in motion, or by assuming that the vehicle is stationary. This may also include calculating any performance specifications, such as safety, manufacturing, durability specifications. Step 402b is to map the fluid and electrical routes through the entire vehicle. Examples of fluid passages may include refrigerant ducts, lubrication, ventilation, air conditioning, and / or heating. Examples of electrical systems that may require electrical routing from a source to a system may include audio systems, interior light systems, exterior light systems, engine ignition components, on-board navigation systems, and control systems. Step 402c is the determination of the pipe angle, shape, and size of each connection. In step 402d, structural components, such as panel and suspension connections, are mapped.
    [0048] After calculating the needs / specifications of the connection
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    19/38 in steps 402a-d, the bonding member can be assigned to accommodate the needs / specifications of the bond in steps 403a-d. The method of designing the connection may comprise steps 403a-d. Steps 403a-d can be completed in any order, all steps 403a-d can be completed, or only some of the steps can occur. The tension profile known at each connection can determine the wall thickness of the connection, the material of the connection, or the centering characteristics required to print on the connection 403a. After the fluid and electrical routes are mapped, corresponding internal routing characteristics can be assigned to be printed on connections 403b. The link may have separate internal routing characteristics for the fluid and electrical paths, or the link may have a routing characteristic shared by the fluid and electrical passages. After determining the pipe angle, shape, and size, the connection can be designated 403c such that it can accommodate the necessary pipes, while meeting the other specifications. Using the map determined at 402d, the locations of the integrated connection characteristics are designated to be printed on 403d connections. Such design steps can occur in sequence, or in parallel. The various connection design needs can be considered in combination when designing the connection for printing. In some instances, the 3-D printing process can also be considered in the design of the connection.
    [0049] In the final step 404, a set of printed connections are produced for use in the frame assembly chosen in 401. The printed connections can be 3-D in accordance with the designated connection using the collective considerations of steps 403a-d. The printed connections can be used to complete the assembly of the
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    20/38 chassis.
    [0050] The 3-D printing method described here, adapted to manufacture connections for connecting tubes, can decrease the time required to assemble a chassis. For example, the total time to design and build a chassis can be less than or equal to about 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 , hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, or 1 month. In some instances, printing a call may take less than or equal to about 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1 hour, 1 , 5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, or 3 hours. The time required to assemble a chassis can be reduced because the 3-D printing method may require fewer tools than a simple production method. In the method described here, a single tool (for example, 3-D printer) can be configured to manufacture a plurality of connections with different specifications (for example, sizes / shapes). For example, a series of links can be printed using a single 3-D printer that all have the same design. In another example, a series of connections can be printed using a single 3-D printer, the series of connections having different designs. The different designs can all belong to the same frame assembly, or they can be printed for different frame assemblies. This can provide a higher degree of flexibility in scheduling link printing jobs in one location, and can allow a manufacturer to optimize link production to meet specified objectives. In some cases, the 3-D printer can be sized and shaped such that it can be transported to a location where a vehicle is being built. In addition, 3-D printing can increase the
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    21/38 quality control or consistency of calls.
    [0051] The production process described by FIG. 4 can reduce production time and cost. Production time and costs can be reduced by reducing the number of tools required to form one or more connections. All of the connections can be formed with the single 3-D printer as well. Similarly, production time and / or cost can be reduced by a higher level of quality control compared to other production techniques that are provided by the 3-D printer. For example, the cost of producing calls using the method described above can reduce production costs by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, compared to other methods. The use of 3-D printing for the production of connections to connect tubes in a spatial structure allows each connection to have different shapes and dimensions, without requiring separate molds or tools for each connection. The 3-D printing process for connections can be easily provided.
    [0052] An example of a connection that can be produced using the described 3-D printing method is shown in FIG. 5. The connection shown in FIG. 5 has a body portion 501 and three acceptor holes 502 protruding from the connection body. The acceptor holes 502 can be locations for joining with a connecting pipe. The acceptor holes can be joined with a connecting tube by being inserted into an inner portion of the connecting tube, and / or by overlapping an outer surface of the connecting tube. The acceptor holes can have any relative angle to each other in three dimensional spaces. The angle of the holes relative to each other can be represented by the chassis design. In some instances, three or more holes may be provided. The three or more holes may or may not be
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/30
    22/38 coplanar. The holes may be able to accept round, square, oval, or irregularly shaped tubes. Different cross-sectional shapes / dimensions for connecting pipes, the holes can be configured to accommodate different pipe shapes / dimensions, the holes can have different cross-sectional shapes / dimensions. The holes can be round, square, oval, or irregularly shaped.
    [0053] The projection 502 can be designated such that it can be inserted in a connection tube. The wall thickness of the protrusion of the connection can be printed such that the connection is capable of supporting the structural load calculated by a finite element model for the complete chassis design. For example, a connection that needs to support a large load magnitude may have a thicker wall than a connection that supports a smaller load.
    [0054] FIG. 6 shows a connection 601 connecting with three tubes 602a-c. The figure shows how the connection can be designed to connect tubes at different angles. The angles between a set of tubes that connect to a connection can be equal or not equal. In the example shown in FIG. 6, two of the angles are labeled, the angle between tube 602a and 602b is labeled 603, and the angle between tubes 602b and 602c is labeled 604. In FIG. 6, angles 603 and 604 are not the same. Possible values for 603 and 604 can be at least 1 °, 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 20 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90 °, 105 °, 120 °, 135 °, 150 °, 165 °, or 180 °. [0055] The connections can be printed with any number of projecting acceptor holes to join with a connection tube. For example, the connection may have at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, twelve, fifteen, twenty, thirty, or fifty acceptor holes, or pitchforks. The connection may have less than any of the number of acceptor holes described herein. The connection can
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/318
    23/38 have a number of acceptor holes that fall within a range between any two of the values described herein. FIG. 7 shows an example of a connection with five projections. In addition, the projections can have equal or unequal diameters. For example, FIG. 8 shows a connection 801 designed to accept tubes of different diameters with a smaller tube being accepted in the upper orifice 802 and larger tubes accepted in the lower orifices 803. In another example, different orifices in the same connection may be able to accept tubes with a proportion of diameter between tubes other than 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, 2: 3, 2: 5, 2: 7, 3: 5, or 3: 7. In the case of non-round tubes, the diameter can be represented by the relevant fundamental length scale, for example, lateral length in the case of a square tube. In addition, tubes with different cross-sectional shapes may be able to rest on different projections on the same connection. For example, a bond may have protrusions with any or all combinations of round, oval, square, rectangular, or irregular shapes. In other implementations, a simple connection may have projections with the same diameters and / or the same shape. 3D printing of the connection can accommodate this wide range of connection configurations.
    [0056] The connection can be printed such that it comprises a region of the projection configured to rest inside a connection tube and an edge to rest on the connection tube. The protrusion of the connection configured to rest within the connection tube can be printed such that an annular region can be formed between the surface of the projection and the inner diameter of the edge.
    [0057] The 3-D printing method described here may allow for the inclusion of fine structural features that may be impossible or cost prohibitive using other manufacturing methods. Per
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/28
    24/38 example, the centering characteristics can be printed in the region of the protrusion of the connection. The centering characteristics can be high protrusions, or other shapes in a regular or irregular pattern in the protrusion of the connection. The centering characteristics can center the protrusion of the connection within a connection pipe when a connection and pipe are assembled. If adhesive is placed between the protrusion of the connection and the connection pipe, the centering characteristics can create fluid paths to spread the adhesive to a desired thickness or location. In another example, fitting parts can be printed on the connections. The inserts can provide vacuum or injection holes for inserting adhesive in a space between a protrusion of the connection and a connection pipe. In some cases, the centering characteristics can further promote the distribution of adhesive in the space between the protrusion of the connection and the connection pipe, as described here in detail anywhere here.
    [0058] The centering characteristics may comprise a printed pattern raised on the projection of the connection designated to rest within a connection tube. Centering characteristics can be printed on the boss of the link when the boss is originally formed, or they can be printed on the boss of the link sometime after the link has been designated. The centering characteristic can be raised from an external surface of a protrusion of the acceptor orifice (pipe engagement region). The height of a high centering characteristic can be at least 0.001, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040, or 0.050. The centering characteristics can preferably be printed in the region of the projection configured to lie within the connection tube, as shown in FIG. 9a-d. In
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/33
    25/38 an alternative embodiment, the centering characteristics can be printed on the edge region in the connection configured to rest on the outer diameter of the connection pipe in addition to, or instead of printing the centering characteristics on the pipe engagement region . The centering characteristics can be printed on either or both of the projections configured to fit within the connection tube, and the edge region on the connection configured to rest on the outside diameter of the connection tube.
    [0059] FIGS. 9a-d show detailed views of four embodiments of possible link centering characteristics. FIG. 9a shows a small node centering feature 901, this feature comprises a pattern of raised points in a region of engagement of the connection boss tube. A region of engagement of the connection boss tube may be a portion of the connection boss configured to contact a surface of the pipe. The tube engagement region can be configured to be inserted into the tube. The points can be provided in one more row or column, or in staggered rows and / or columns. The raised points may have a diameter of at least 0.001, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040, or 0.050.
    [0060] FIG. 9b shows a spiral path centering feature 902, this feature comprises a continuous elevated line that winds around the total length of the engagement region of the connection boss tube. The continuous elevated line can wrap around the protrusion of the pipe connection once or multiple times. Alternative designs may comprise centering characteristics with a high spiral centering characteristic that does not involve around the total diameter of the tube engagement region. In alternative embodiments, the characteristic
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/34
    26/38 spiral centering can wrap around 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, 80 °, 90 °, 100 °, 110 °, 120 °, 130 °, 140 °, 150 °, 180 °, 190 °, 200 °, 210 °, 220 °, 230 °, 240 °, 250 °, 260 °, 270 °, 280 °, 290 °, 300 °, 310 °, 320 ° , 330 °, 340 °, 350 °, or the total 360 ° of the circumference of the engagement region. The centering feature may further comprise multiple elevated lines that wind around the entire length of the pipe without intersection in a manner similar to multi-departure screw threads.
    [0061] FIG. 9c shows a labyrinth centering feature 903, this feature comprises raised dashed lines circumscribing the engagement region of the connection tube at an angle of 90 degrees to the direction of the length of the projection of the connection. Adjacent dashed lines in the labyrinth centering feature are arranged in a staggered pattern. Multiple series of dashed lines can be provided. The dashed lines can be substantially parallel to each other. Alternatively, varying angles can be provided.
    [0062] FIG. 9d shows an interrupted helix centering feature 904, this feature comprises raised dashed lines circumscribing the pipe engaging region of the connection at an angle of 45 degrees to the direction of the length of the pipe engaging region. In another example, the centering feature may have an elevated line circumscribing the region of engagement of the tube at an angle of 1 °, 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 20 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° , 90 °, 105 °, 120 °, 135 °, 150 °, 165 °, or 180 °. The dashed lines in the centering characteristics shown in FIG. 9c and FIG 9d can be at least 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040, 0.050, or 0.100 in length.
    [0063] Other patterns in addition to those described in FIG. 9a Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/35
    27/38
    FIG. 9d can be used. Alternative patterns may include dashed lines at irregular angles or spacing, a combination of lines and dots, or a group of solid lines winding around the engagement region with uniform or non-uniform spacing between lines. In some examples, the centering characteristics may be standardized in order to direct the line, they may not be drawn from a distal end of an internal protrusion to the proximal end without intersecting with one or more centering characteristics. This can force the adhesive to take a more rounded path, and encourage the diffusion of the adhesive, as described here anywhere. Alternatively, a straight line may be provided from an end distal to a proximal end of the inner projection without intersecting with one or more centering features. [0064] The centralization characteristics can be printed on the protrusion of the connection with different densities. For example, a projection of the connection can be printed such that 90% of the projection is covered with high centering characteristics. In the case with 90% coverage of the centering feature, the features can be very closely spaced. Alternatively, the centralization characteristics can cover at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75 %, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% of the boss. Centralization characteristics can cover less than any of the percentages described here. The centering characteristics can fall within a range between any two of the percentage values described here. The density of the centering features printed on the links can be chosen to provide a structural feature as determined from the chassis model.
    [0065] Centralization characteristics can be high, such as
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 36/118
    28/38 that a connection / pipe assembly comprises the space between an internal surface of the connection pipe and the surface of the projection of the connection designated to enter a connection pipe. The tolerance between the inner tube diameter and the protrusion can be such that the connection and tube form a force adjustment connection. In the case of a power adjustment connection, the centering characteristics may or may not deform after insertion of the tube into the connection. The centering characteristics can center the protrusion of the connection within a connection pipe, such that the distance between the inner surface of the connection pipe and the surface of the connection projection can have a uniform radius thickness. Alternatively, the centering characteristics can encourage the non-uniform distribution of the space between the protrusion of the connection and the connection pipe.
    [0066] Different centering characteristics can be printed on different connections on the same chassis structure. Different centering characteristics can be printed on different link protrusions on the same link. The centering characteristics printed on a protrusion of the connection can be chosen so that the connection supports a stress profile determined by a finite element analysis carried out on the chassis structure. An example of a method for determining a centering characteristic for printing on a link is shown in FIG. 10. In this method, the first step 1001 is to determine the load or voltage on a protrusion of the connection. The stress can be calculated using a finite element analysis using a linear or nonlinear stress model. The stress can be calculated at the connections, while the chassis is stationary, or while the chassis is moving along a typical path, for example, along a straight line, curved path, flat terrain, or mountainous terrain. The calculated voltage at the connection
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 37/118
    29/38 can be shear stress, stress stress, compressive stress, torsional stress, or a combination of stress types. The next step in the method shown in FIG. 10 is to choose a centering feature that will provide optimum structural support for the given stress or load profile 1002. Choosing a centering feature may involve choosing any combination of pattern, dimension, and density for a possible centering feature. The final step in the process can be to print the call centering feature.
    [0067] For example, a connection that is expected to experience a high magnitude stress force can be printed with a small core centering feature, such that an area of adhesive contact between the connection and the tube is maximized. In another example, a bond that is expected to experience torsional tension in a clockwise direction can be printed with a spiral centering characteristic in a clockwise direction to provide resistance to torsional force.
    [0068] The dimension and density of the centralization characteristics can also be chosen so that the connection supports a voltage profile determined by a computational and / or empirical analysis carried out on the chassis structure. The height of the centering feature can determine the volume of the annular formed between the surface of the protrusion of the connection and the internal diameter of a connection pipe. The volume of the ring can be filled with adhesive when the connection and tube are assembled. The height of the centering feature can be chosen such that the volume of adhesive is optimized to withstand the expected tension or load on the connection. The density of the centering characteristics can also alter the volume of the annular region. For example, a connection with a high density of characteristics
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 11/38
    30/38 centering may have a smaller volume in the annular region, compared to a sparse density connection of centralization characteristics. The density of the centering characteristic can be chosen such that the volume of adhesive is optimized to withstand the expected tension or load on the connection.
    [0069] The fitting parts for the vacuum connection or injection piping can be printed directly on the connection. The plug-in parts can be printed on the link at the time the link is printed, such that the link and the plug-in parts can be formed from the same bulk material. Alternatively, the fitting parts can be printed separately, and added to the bond after it is printed. The inserts may have delicate internal trajectories that may be impossible to achieve with production methods other than 3-D printing. In some cases, the fluid can be distributed to an annular space between the region of acceptance of the projection tube and an internal diameter of a tube fixed to the projection through the fitting, and / or the internal paths in fluid communication with the fitting. The fluid can be an adhesive. The adhesive can be sucked or pushed into the annular region through the printed inserts. The inserts can be positioned on opposite sides of the connection to distribute uniformity of adhesive. Two or more inserts can be attached to the connection symmetrically or asymmetrically. For example, they can be provided circumferentially opposing one another in a connection acceptor orifice. They can be provided at or near a proximal end of an acceptor orifice for a connection. Alternatively, they can be provided at or near a distal end of a connection acceptor orifice, or any combination thereof. A connection can be at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15,
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 39/118
    31/38 or 20 fitting pieces on each ledge.
    [0070] The fitting parts may be positioned away from, in proximity to, or co-axially with, an internal connection characteristic such as the fluid path inside a wall of the protrusion of the internal connection that can provide coating of uniform adhesive. FIG. 11 shows a cross section of an example of a protrusion of the connection with inserts 1101 connecting to an internal fluid path 1102 on the inside of a wall of the projection of the connection. The internal path can be printed on the side wall of the connection. The internal path can have a discharge 1103 in the annular region. The internal path can introduce fluid (for example, adhesive) into the annular region. The internal path may have a round cross section, a broken cross section, an oval cross section, or an irregularly formed cross section. The diameter of the internal path can be at least 1/100, 1/64, 1/50, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, or 1/2. IF the internal fluid path has a non-round cross section, the listed diameters can correspond to a relevant fundamental length scale of the cross section. The fluid path can move along the total length of the protrusion of the connection, or any fraction of the length.
    [0071] Fitting parts can be molded and configured to connect with vacuum and / or pressure injection equipment. The print fitting pieces directly on the connection can reduce the need for the equipment to inject adhesive in the annular region. After the adhesive is inserted, the fitting parts can be removed from the connection by cutting or fusing the fitting out of the connection. [0072] The integrated structural features can be printed 870170000138, from 02/01/2017, p. 11/40
    32/38 sas directly on or inside the connections. Integrated structural features can include fluid piping, electrical wiring, electric buses, panel mounts, suspension mounts, or location features. Integrated structural features can simplify the chassis design and decrease the time, labor, parts, and cost required to build the chassis structure. The location of the structural features integrated into each link can be determined by the chassis model and the software can communicate with a 3-D printer to manufacture each link with the integrated structural features required for a chosen chassis design.
    [0073] The connections can be printed such that they comprise mounting characteristics for shear panels or body panels of a vehicle. The mounting characteristics on the connections can allow the panels to be connected directly to a vehicle chassis structure. The mounting characteristics on the connections can be designed to join with complementary joining characteristics on the panels. For example, mounting characteristics on connections may be flanges with hardware holes (for example, threads, screws, nuts, or rivets), fittings, or flanges designed for welding or applying adhesive. FIGs. 12ac show characteristics of the connections designed for integration with other systems on board a structure, such as a vehicle. The connections can be designed to integrate with shear panels or body panels of a structure.
    [0074] FIG. 12a shows a connection with a flange 1201. Flange 1201 can be used to connect to a shear panel or body panel (not shown). In the case of use of memPetition 870170000138, from 01/02/2017, p. 41/118
    33/38 link bros To build a vehicle chassis, the link member can be integrated with a suspension system. A suspension system may comprise hydraulic, air, rubber, or spring loaded shock absorbers. The suspension system can be connected to the connecting member by fixing it to a 1201 flange. The flange can be printed such that it contains at least one hole 1202 for connection with connecting hardware (for example, thread, nail, rivet).
    [0075] The connections can be printed, such that they include integrated passages for electrical connections. The electrical connections integrated in the connections can be electrically isolated. The electrical connections integrated in the connections can be grounded. The electrical connections integrated in the connections can be in communication with the cabling conducted through tubes connected to the connection. The electrical connection can be used to power systems on board a vehicle, and / or to power a battery to start or operate the vehicle's engine. Systems on board a vehicle that uses energy from integrated connections can include navigation, audio, video display, power windows, or power seat adjustment. The distribution of energy within a vehicle can travel exclusively through a pipe / joint network. FIG. 12b shows a possible embodiment of a connection for routing electrical wires through the entire structure. The connection shown in FIG. 12b has an input region 1203; this input can be used to insert connections or electrical wires. The electrical wires can be inserted in the entry region and routed from the connection to the tube for transmission through the entire chassis. One or more systems that can be powered using electrical wires can connect to the wire through the input region. The electrical connections integrated in the
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 42/118
    34/38 calls can provide calls that allow a user to connect to one or more devices to get power to the device. In some cases, one or more electrical contacts can be printed on the connections before, after, or during 3-D printing of the connections. [0076] The connections can be printed, such that they comprise an integrated heating and cooling fluid system to provide heat and air conditioning in the vehicle chassis. Other applications may include cooling and / or heating various components of the vehicle. Fluid integration systems (eg gas or liquid) in the construction of the connection / tube, can partially or totally eliminate the need for conventional air ducts and plumbing in the vehicle design. Connections can route hot or cold fluid from a production source (eg, electric heating element, engine block heat exchanger, cooler, air conditioning unit, or kettle) to a location on the chassis where a passenger or vehicle operator may wish to heat or cool the interior. The connections may contain integrated components for entering hot or cold fluid from a source, distributing hot or cold fluid, and venting the hot or cold fluid to a location away from the source. The connections and tubes in the assembly can be thermally insulated using fiberglass, foam insulation, cellulose, or glass wool. The pipe connection and assembly can be fluid tight. In the case of a connection comprising an integrated fluid system, the embodiment of the connection shown in FIG. 12b can be used. An inlet, like the inlet shown in figure 1203, can be used to route fluid for heating or cooling through the entire structure via fluid piping between a plurality of connections through the connector tubes.
    [0077] A cross-sectional view of a connection that can
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 43/118
    35/38 to be used to route a fluid or electricity is shown in FIG. 12c. In the example shown in FIG. 12c, two protrusions of the connection are joined by an internal passage 1204. In one embodiment, the connection in FIG. 12c can route fluid or connection from the inlet at 1205 to the outlet at 1206. The passages used for routing fluid and electricity can be the same passages, or they can be separated. The routing of the internal connection can keep two or more separate fluids within a connection, while still providing desired routing between the tubes, or from the tube to the connectors mounted on the connection, or characteristics.
    [0078] Links can be printed such that they include integrated location or integration features. The features can enable automatic identification or handling of connections during assembly and processing. Examples of location features may include a cylindrical relief (for example, a relief with a flat, radial groove), an extruded C shape with a lid, a bayonet or reverse bayonet seating with a non-symmetrical pin pattern, a feature hook, or other features with geometry that can only define the characteristic orientation and position when examined. These location characteristics can be interfaced to or gripped by robotic grippers or operating retention tools. The connection interface can be fully defined, once the grab movement starts, is partially finished, or is completed. The location characteristics can enable repeatable and optionally automatic positioning of the connection before and during assembly of the spatial structure. The geometry for defining the characteristics can
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 44/118
    36/38 also enable automatic systems to coordinate the movement of multiple connections along defined paths in space during insertion of tubes in the connections. At least two tubes can be inserted in multiple connections in parallel without resulting in a geometric connection during assembly. The integrated location feature can additionally comprise integral identification features. For example, the identification characteristics can be a dimensional bar code, two two-dimensional QR codes, a three-dimensional geometric pattern, or a combination of these elements. The identification feature can encode information about the connection to which it is attached. This connection information can include: connection geometry, including the orientation of the pipe inlets relative to the identification / location feature; link material; adhesive injection positioning and vacuum hole related to the identification / location characteristics; adhesive required for bonding; and connection pipe diameters. The combined identification / location feature can enable automatic positioning of connections for assembly that requires external information to be supplied to the automatic assembly cell.
    [0079] Any of the features described here can be printed with the rest of the connection. For example, the total connection including the various features described here (for example, centering features, inserts, passages, etc.), can be printed in a single step, and form a single integral material. Alternatively, specific features can be printed on a pre-existing connection component. For example, a central feature can be printed on an existing acceptor hole.
    [0080] A 3-D printing method of bond manufacturing can be a high-efficiency production process. A single set
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 45/118
    37/38 of equipment can be configured to generate a variety of connection geometries with varying detailed characteristics. Production may have lower time and cost requirements compared to traditional production methods; in addition, the process can be easily scaled from small volume production to large volume production. The process can provide superior quality control over traditional production methods that can reduce the loss associated with deformed parts and the time required to recreate parts that cannot meet a quality control standard.
    [0081] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described here, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is intended that the invention be limited by the specific examples provided in the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the aforementioned specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the embodiments here are not significant to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without evading invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific representations, configurations or relative proportions placed here that depend on a variety of conditions and variables. It should be understood that several alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein can be employed in the practice of the invention. It is, therefore, contemplated that the invention will also cover any such alternatives, modifications, variations or equivalents. The following claims are intended to define the scope of the invention, and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 46/118
    38/38 are thus covered.
    Petition 870170000138, of 01/02/2017, p. 47/118
    1/3
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    1. Vehicle chassis (100), characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a plurality of connecting tubes (101a, 101b, 101c, 602a, 602b, 602c); and a plurality of connection members (102, 501,601,801) produced by a 3-D printer, each connection member dimensioned and shaped to join with at least a subset of the plurality of connection tubes in the plurality of connection tubes (101a , 101b, 101c, 602a, 602b, 602c) to form a three-dimensional frame structure, in which the plurality of link members comprise 3-D printed mounting features, the mounting features provide panel assemblies for mounting panels in the three-dimensional frame structure.
    [2]
    Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that each connecting member (102, 501, 601.801) of the plurality of connecting members is dimensioned and shaped, such that the connecting member contacts an inner surface and an outer surface of a connecting tube when the connecting tube is joined to the connecting member.
    [3]
    Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one connecting member (102, 501, 601, 801) of the plurality of connecting members comprises internal routing characteristics formed during printing 3-D view of the connecting member.
    [4]
    4. Vehicle chassis (100), according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the internal routing characteristics provide a network of tickets for transportation
    Petition 870180141582, of 10/16/2018, p. 12/267
    2/3 of fluid through the vehicle chassis (100) when the three-dimensional frame structure is formed.
    [5]
    5. Vehicle chassis (100), according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the internal routing characteristics provide a network of passages for transporting electricity through electrical components through the entire vehicle chassis (100) when the three-dimensional frame structure is formed.
    [6]
    Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of connecting members (102, 501,601,801) comprises one or more inserts (1101) printed in 3-D .
    [7]
    7. Vehicle chassis (100) according to the claim
    6, characterized by the fact that one or more inserts (1101) printed in 3-D comprise a trajectory for adhesive injection or vacuum infusion.
    [8]
    8. Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim
    7, characterized by the fact that at least one of the plurality of connecting members (102, 501, 601, 801) comprises inserts (1101) positioned on opposite sides of the connecting member.
    [9]
    Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of connecting members (102, 501, 601, 801) comprises a projection (502) for joining with a pipe corresponding connection
    [10]
    10. Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that one or more inserts (1101) printed in 3-D are configured to connect with injection equipment to distribute the adhesive in a space between the projection (502) and the connecting pipe (101a, 101b, 101c, 602a, 602b, 602c).
    Petition 870180141582, of 10/16/2018, p. 13/267
    3/3
    [11]
    Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of connecting members (102, 501,601,801) further comprises an edge configured to rest on an outer diameter of the connecting tube (101a, 101b, 101c, 602a, 602b, 602c) corresponding, in which the projection (502) is configured to rest inside the corresponding connection tube.
    [12]
    12. Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim
    11, characterized by the fact that an annular region is formed between the surface of the protrusion (502) and the internal diameter of the edge.
    [13]
    13. Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim
    12, characterized by the fact that one or more inserts (1101) printed in 3-D are configured to allow adhesive injection or vacuum creation in the annular region.
    [14]
    Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that a surface of the projection (502) comprises a plurality of centralizing characteristics (901, 902, 903, 904) on this.
    [15]
    15. Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the plurality of centralization characteristics (901, 902, 903, 904) is configured to create fluid paths to spread the injected adhesive across a of the inserts (1101) printed in 3-D.
    [16]
    16. Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of connecting members (102, 501, 601, 801) comprises mounting characteristics for shear panels or body.
    [17]
    17. Vehicle chassis (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting characteristics comprise a flange (1201).
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    SG10201806531QA|2018-09-27|
    BR112017000041A2|2017-11-07|
    AU2020201806A1|2020-03-26|
    EP3925766A1|2021-12-22|
    US20180085827A1|2018-03-29|
    AU2015284265A1|2017-02-16|
    EP3164260B1|2021-07-28|
    JP6820843B2|2021-01-27|
    EP3164260A4|2018-02-28|
    KR20170030546A|2017-03-17|
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    法律状态:
    2019-02-12| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-04-16| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/06/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/06/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    2020-12-22| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|Owner name: DIVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (US) |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201462020084P| true| 2014-07-02|2014-07-02|
    US62/020,084|2014-07-02|
    PCT/US2015/038449|WO2016003982A1|2014-07-02|2015-06-30|Systems and methods for fabricating joint members|
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